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Thermistors tend to be more accurate than RTD's and thermocouples, but they have a much more limited temperature range because of their marked non-linearity.
A Thermistor capitalizes on the fact that the electrical resistance of a material changes as its temperature changes. Thermistors rely on the resistance change in a ceramic semiconductor, with the resistance dropping non-linearly with a temperature rise.
Thermistors can be a low cost solution to temperature measurement. They tend to have large signal outputs and their small size permits fast response to temperature changes. UE Thermistors are used to measure temperatures from -45° to 260° C (-50° to 500° F)
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The rugged construction of the DO-35 package is ideally suited for applications which cover the temperature range from -40°C to +250°C with leads that are suitable for welding or soldering. The glass package hermetically seals to the metal leads which protects the thermistor element from extreme environmental conditions. The axial leads make this device a perfect choice for PC board mounting and the leads are plated giving a temperature rating to +250°C. The standard devices are specified as +/-1%, +/-3% and +/-5% at 25°C.
Features
• PC board mounting
• Hermetically sealed element. Glass metal package.
• Axial leads
• High temperature devices for applications to +250°C
• Time constant - 8 seconds in air
• Dissipation constant - 2.5mW/°C in air at 25°C
• RoHS Compliant
Applications
• Low cost probe assemblies
• High temperature printer ink sensors
• Consumer Electronics
• High temperature high-speed manufacturing
• Printed circuit board temperature sensing
• Air Conditioning |
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CHARACTERISTICS
General use thermocouple.
Sheath material: AISI-316, AISI-310, AISI-446, Alloy 600 or Alloy
800 depending on type of selected thermocouple.
Connexion to the process can be adjustable through compression
fitting, free insertion without coupling, or thermowell.
Ceramic support, optional transmitter 4...20 mA.
APPLICATIONS
Kilns, furnaces, burners, galvanizing baths, heat treatment baths
and all high temperature thermal processes.
SPECIFICATIONS
Process connexion BSP, NPT, METRIC, ETC...
Sensor tube diameter 6 or 8mm
Sensing element K, J, N, E
Connexions 2, 4 wires
Working temperature range -200ºC to +1200ºC (depending on selected thermocouple) |
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Conax Buffalo Technologies thermocouples are available in a wide range of thermocouple material types and are available in both standard and custom configurations to meet your specific installation requirements, from bare wire for fast response, metal sheath magnesium oxide insulated configurations for vibration/shock environments, to noble metal thermocouples configured with ceramic tubewells for extended life at high temperatures (up to 4,200° F/2300° C), with accuracies to standard or special limits of error.
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The Omnigrad range of Temperature Products from Endress Hauser meets the high standards required by the process industry.
Omnigrad provides Endress Hauser quality in design, documentation, logistics and service in Temperature Sensors.
A Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) is a temperature responsive device based on a predictable resistance change in the sensing element.
The EN 60751 standard specifies requirements for industrial Platinum resistance sensors and covers the Pt 100 thermometers.
The Pt 100 sensing element has a resistance of 100 Ohms at 0°C.
According to EN standard and most common industrial applications, the Pt 100 type sensors are used for temperature measurement and control in the range from -50°C to 400°C or -200°C to 600°C.
RTDs offer three main advantages:
high accuracy
excellent long-term stability
high signal output level which allows transmission over long distances without ancillary equipment.
Basic construction of Platinum resistance elements cannot be used directly in contact with process environments, hence the complete thermometers are built as assemblies which can withstand light, medium and heavy duty industrial conditions.
In general, the sensor assembly includes three components:
the resistance thermometer inset
the protecting tube (thermowell)
the terminal housing.
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TC6M Mineral Oxide Thermocouples for a wide range of industrial applications
Temperature limits:
-40 ... +350°C for type T
-40 ... 750°C for type J
-40 ... 900°C for type E
-40 ... 1000°C for type K (see table for sheath diameters)
Tolerance (IEC standard 584.2/Class 2):
for type T: ± 1°C (-40 ... 133°C) ± 0.0075 [t] (t > 133°C)
for type J, E, K: ± 2,5°C (-40 ... 333°C) ± 0.0075 [t] (t > 333°C)
Mineral insulated (MgO) thermocouple element and continuous metal sheath
Application versatility |
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Examples:
-Screw-in melt thermocouples (90.1090)
for temperatures from -40 to +600°C
available with different thermocouples
with stainless steel thermowell
system insulated or non-insulated
for applications in the plastics industry
Screw-in melt thermocouples are preferred for measuring melt temperatures in the plastics industry. Depending on the requirements, sword-shaped or plane probe tips provide for the ideal measuring conditions. The compensating cables are appropriate for temperatures ranging from -40 to 400°C.
The measuring insert contains standard thermocouples (elements) according to
EN 60 584.
-Push-in thermocouples with compensating cable (90.1105)
for temperatures from 0 to 600°C
available with different thermocouples
with stainless steel protection tube
silicone compensating cable or with metal braiding
also with 90° cable entry
Push-in thermocouples are preferred for measuring temperatures on solids, such as hotplates and welding jaws. Applications include ovens, plant engineering and machinery.
Depending on the version, compensating cables are suitable for use in dry areas within the temperature range -20 to 350°C. The connection of the cable to the protection tube incorporates strain relief. A cable protector is available as an option.
Protection tubes in stainless steel protect the measuring insert from chemical influences and mechanical damage.
The measuring insert is fitted with thermocouples to EN 60 584 and DIN 43 710
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The probe sensing tip is constructed of copper alloy which is twenty times more conductive than stainless steel. The sensors react more quickly to changes and indicate tip temperature instead of stem temperature. The result is better accuracy in thermowells, bearings, and other installations.
- 0.250" diameter is recommended for use in thermowells.
- Copper alloy tip for fast response
- Accurate sensing to 260°C (500°F)
- Non-armor models can be user-shortened
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5500 Series Pencil Thermocouple
Ideal for Applications Under 900°F (480°C)
Small Diameter Thermocouple with Fiberglass Insulation
Used Extensively for Food Application
Commonly Installed with Compression Fittings
Used in a Variety of Industries
Other products available: |
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Thermocouples can measure temperatures over wide ranges, inexpensively. They are very rugged, but they are not as accurate as RTDs and thermistors.
A thermocouple is basically two strips of wires of dissimilar metals. These metal wires are joined at one end and the voltage is measured at the other end. Changes in the temperature at the juncture induce a change in electromotive force (emf) at the other end. As the temperature goes up, this output emf of the thermocouple rises, though not necessarily linearly.
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Watlow provides more than 80 years of manufacturing, research and quality for your temperature sensing needs. A tremendous stock of general application, mineral insulated, base and noble metal thermocouples are available.
Watlow’s MICROCOILTM, Radio Frequency Thermocouple Probe (TR)and True Surface Thermocouples (TST) all incorporate isothermal physical principles to achieve superior surface temperature measurement. The isothermal design provides accurate sensing because the areas of the sensor that are exposed to normal process variances are positioned outside the thermal gradient.
Features
Wide temperature range from -200 to 2200°C (-328 to 4000°F)
Fiberglass insulated thermocouples are capable of temperatures up to
480°C (900°F) for continuous operation
Grounded, ungrounded exposed junctions
Same day delivery on millions of products
Custom manufactured thermocouples
Applications
Plastic injection molding machinery
Food processing equipment
Engine and turbine exhaust gas
Semiconductor processing
Heat treating and metals processing
Medical equipment
Aerospace industries
Packaging equipment
Test stands |
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TC with protective armatures
Against chemically and mechanically harsh environments thermocouples are mounted inside protective armatures. The optimum design depends on the individual application.
The alternatives are straight thermocouples, angular thermocouples (preferred for salt baths, metal melting plants, etc.) and thermocouples with exchangeable measuring inserts.
The protection tubes are made of ceramic or metallic highly temperature-resistant materials. The thermocouples are available in different mounting techniques, e.g. screw-in, weld-in or plug-in, with connection flange, or other. |
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B&B Thermo-Technik offers a huge range of cables for temperature measurement purposes.
Thermocouple Cables, compensation cables, and copper cables are available in various insulation and sheath materials. Thermo wires and thermo bands are also availbable. Just have a look at our temperature-shop:
www.temperature-shop.eu
where you find our standard range.
For further cables just send us an inquiry and we will supply you with a detailed offer.
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The unique properties of XACTPAK® mineral insulated, metal sheathed cable make it ideally suited to solve a wide variety of problem applications. The outer sheath protects the thermocouple from oxidation and hostile environments, and the mineral insulation provides excellent high temperature dielectric strength.
Features
* Diameters down to 0.25 mm (0.01 inch)
* Temperature ranges from 0° to 1480°C (32° to 2700°F)
* Cryogenic cable available upon request
* Fireproof
* High pressure rated
* Cold and thermal shock resistant
* Gas tight and moisture proof
* Formable and weldable
* Corrosion resistant
* High temperature rated
Applications
* Atomic research / nuclear reactors
* Blast furnaces / vacuum furnaces
* Catalytic reformers
* Diesel engines
* Food and beverage
* Glass and ceramic
* Heat treating
* Jet engines / rocket engines
* Medical
* Power stations / steam generators
* Refineries and oil processing |
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Material
- Stainless steels in all its forms: AISI-316, AISI-304, AISI-321,
AISI-904-L, AISI-318, etc...
- Refractory steels: AISI-310 AISI-446, etc...
- Resistance heating Alloys: Alloy 600, Alloy 601, Alloy 625,
Alloy 800, Alloy 825, etc...
- Resistance corrosion Alloys: Alloy C-276, Alloy C-22, Alloy C-
4, Alloy 400, Alloy K-500, Alloy 200, Alloy 201, etc...
- Other materials: Titanium, Tantalum, Zirconium, Aluminium ,
Brass, Carbon steels, technical plastics, etc...
- Special coverings: chromed, Teflon®, stellited, Halar®,
Rubired®, etc...
Connexion to process
- Male thread BSP, NPT, METRIC, etc...
Connexion to instrument
- Female thread BSP, NPT, METRIC, etc...
Internal diameter
- Standard: Ø7 mm, Ø9 mm, Ø11 mm, Ø12.2 mm.
- Others.
U insertion length (mm)
- Standard: 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 500.
- Others.
Maximum process temperature
- Depending on material properties and design.
Maximal process pressure
- Depending on material properties and design. |
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| Thermowells are designed to give protection against pressure and corrosion to the primary sensing element like bimetal and gas filled thermometers, thermocouples and thermo elements |
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| Conax Buffalo Technologies offers a full line of thermowells for applications from petrochemical to sanitary environments. Conax Buffalo Technologies thermowells are found in power plants, chemical plants, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, refineries, food service and pharmaceutical industries. From standard to custom designs, we can provide a thermowell to meet your requirements. |
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Included in our thermowell series are standardized wells of threaded, ANSI flanged, Van Stone and Weld-in types.
Threaded wells are made in readily welded or brazed materials for installations requiring seal welding or brazing. The pipe thread provides the mechanical strength, the weld merely seals.
ANSI flanged wells consist of a bar-stock well which is permanently welded to a top quality flange. Standard construction uses primary "J" groove weld and a bevel groove secondary weld. Both welds are machined to produce a clean fillet. This double welded construction eliminates possibility of crevice corrosion since no open joints are exposed from either inside or outside the installation.
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Build-up tube PN 25
Bar stock PN 100, stepped shank
Bar stock PN 250, tapered shank
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Watlow manufactures and designs all types of thermowells. Our thermowell designs are representative of the types of basic styles in popular usage throughout the industry. Special designs, as well as modifications of our standard offerings are also available.
Drilled from solid bar stock, the thermowell protects the temperature sensor from corrosion, high pressure and high velocity environments.
Applications
Petrochemical
Chemical
Oil refineries
Power plants
Storage tanks and lines |
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Roessel thermowells for highest demands are made from solid material. For less critical applications tube designs with weld-in bottoms are used.
We supply designs to all national and international standards, as well as special designs to customer specifications. Roessel thermowells are pressure-tested and can be supplied with X-ray certificate and/or official acceptance certificate. |
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Thin, flexible RTDs and thermocouples
Kapton, silicone rubber, Mylar insulation
All models available from stock
Benefits:
Fast response surface sensing in aerospace, medical, and industrial devicesRugged laminated construction
Simple to use: Just apply to the surface to be sensed
Models for point sensing or averaging over an area
Transparent insulations with fine wire element optional
Response as fast as 0.1 seconds! |
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Thermocouple validation wire
Type 'T' thermocouple wire in Class 1 material and to BS EN 60584-1:1996 is supplied with a flat pair of PTFE insulated conductors and a PFA jacket. Conductor sizes are available in a solid 1/0.3mm and 1/0.5mm, or stranded 7/0.2mm formats and can be supplied in 100M and 300M reels.
These can also be supplied in pre-cut lengths, either with a bare hot junction or a Teflon encapsulated tip. |
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Since 1914, Watlow's SERV-RITE® thermocouple wire and thermocouple extension wire have been known for premium performance and reliability. All Watlow SERV-RITE thermocouple wire is manufactured under ISO 9001 quality standards.
Watlow can custom manufacture thermocouple wire using alloys and insulation types to meet your specific application demands.
Features
* Insulation temperature ranges from -200° to 1290°C (-328° to 2350°F)
* Calibration certificates per AMS 2750, ASTM E207, E220 and E230
* Solid or stranded wire constructions
* Wide selection of insulation types
* Broad stock offering
* Select metallic overbraids and wraps
* Custom constructions available
Applications
* Aerospace industries
* Composite component manufacturing
* Automotive
* Cryogenic applications
* Electric power plants
* Food processing
* Glass, ceramic and brick manufacturing
* Laboratories
* Medical equipment
* Petrochemical
* Metal processing |
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Temperature sensors
