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The X-ray counting system detects X-rays in the energy range 5 to 100 keV. It is designed for use in X-ray diffraction instruments, including synchrotron applications.
The X-ray counting system uses a photomultiplier with YAP(Ce) scintillator and high speed electronics. A window discriminator circuit is used to detect pulses from X-rays within a selected energy band. Maximum count rate is 10 MHz. The width and lower threshold of the energy window and the HV of the photomultiplier can be set by the user with a control unit. Main application is scientific instrumentation
- X-ray energy range 5keV to 100keV
- covers wide range of instrumentation applications
- up to 10MHz count rate with dead time correction
- wide dynamic range
- TTL output
- interfaces with counter or PC card
- counts X-rays within user-settable energy window
- minimises background counts
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General descritpion :
The Scienta XES 350 is a state-of-the-art soft X-ray emission spectrometer. It is a grazing incidence spectrometer covering a wide energy range, 50 -1000 eV, at high resolution and sensitivity [J. Nordgren et al., Rev. Sci. Instr. 60, 1690 (1989)]. The Scienta XES 350 is easily adapted to different excitation sources, since the instrument is flange mounted and has an optical axis that is easily adjusted to the excitation source.
The Scienta XES 350 optical arrangement consists of a variable entrance slit, two moveable shutters for grating selection, three spherical gratings, and a 2-D detector that can be moved in a three-axis coordinate system. The Scienta XES 350 can be described as three spectrometers merged into one by having a common entrance slit and a detector that can be aligned to the focal curve (Rowland circle) of the selected grating. The instrument is equipped with a digital CCD-camera data read-out.
Specifications:
- Variable entrance slit: 0 - 90 micrometer
(controlled by a 1" linear manual feedthrough)
- Variable grating illumination width: 0 - 4.5 cm
(controlled by 2 linear 1" manual feedthroughs)
- Adjustable optical axis: ±2°
- Detector rotation: 15°
- Manual (or motor controlled, optionally) XY-tables (400 and 100 mm) with optical scales for positioning of the detector.
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Hamamatsu offers a range of Si photodiodes suitable for the direct detection of soft X-rays, or when coupled to an appropriate scintillator crystal (Ceramic or CsI), for the detection of high energy X-rays as used in industrial inspection, security and medical systems.
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Features
Detector System Includes
Silicon detector
Be window
Preamplifier
HV bias supply
Peltier cooler
Temperature controller
Performance
Active area: 8 mm2
Thickness: 0.5 mm
Resolution <190 eV (FWHM)
Energy range: 1 to 30 keV
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CdZnTe/CdTe detectors
CdZnTe (CZT) is a room temperature semiconductor which allows to create X- and gamma-ray detectors with comparably high energy resolution and high count rate capability without cooling. Detectors performance allow to use CdZnTe detectors successfully in Nuclear Industry and Medicine, Safeguard and Homeland Security, many others industrial and laboratory applications.
Bruker Baltic develops and fabricates detectors based on CdZnTe/CdTe and accompanying electronics for them base on general electronic components and ASICs.
We are flexible in our technological processes and provide engineering design service and custom fabrication of small and medium volumes of devices.
Bruker Baltic develops and manufactures by request (custom fabrication) following detectors:
- Detector Linear Arrays
- Strip Detectors
- Pixel Detectors
- Co-planar Grid Detectors
- Single Detectors
For additional information, please contact us: CZT@bruker-baltic.lv
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HP(Ge) Planar Detectors GPD (Liquid Nitrogen cooled)
APPLICATION
Gamma and X–ray HPGe detector is intended for the conversion of Gamma and X-ray quantum energy to proportional level. This is accomplished using amplitude electric signals and their amplification for further registration with a nuclear physics apparatus. It is also intended for use as the gamma and X-ray detection component of radiological monitoring for environmental objects in nuclear energetics, industrial production, agriculture, medicine, etc.
FEATURES
- Possibility of choosing a preamplifier type with a resistive or opto-electronic feedback high energy rate up to 15000 MeV/sec;
- Ability to increase the energy rate to 20000 MeV/sec radiation detection in any spatial orientation depending on cryostat modification manufacturing in a portable cryostat;
- Possibility of transportation and storage without cooling.
COMPLETE SET
- HP(Ge) coaxial detector (p-type);
- Preamplifier with cooling input stage;
- Cryostat;
- Spectrometric Device;
- Analysis Software;
- Dewar vessel.
For additional information, please contact us: sales@bruker-baltic.lv
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HP(Ge) Coaxial Detectors GCD (Liquid Nitrogen cooled)
APPLICATION
Detection of Gamma-ray of environmental objects in nuclear energetics, products of industry and agriculture, medicine, etc.
FEATURES
- 10% - 160% efficiency HPGe p-type coaxial detectors are available;
- Energy range from 40 keV to 10 MeV;
- High efficiency of radiation detection;
- High energy rate up to 200000 MeV/sec;
- Excellent peak symmetry;
- Detection of radiation in any spatial orientation depending on cryostat modification;
- Manufacture in a portable cryostat is possible.
COMPLETE SET
- HP(Ge) coaxial detector (p-type);
- Preamplifier with cooling input stage;
- Cryostat;
- Spectrometric Device;
- Dewar vessel.
For additional information, please contact us: sales@bruker-baltic.lv
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For computer-based analysis of complex spectra requiring the best in resolution, peak-to-Compton ratio, peak shape, and efficiency:
Large stocklist at all times
Efficiencies to 150%, higher on request
New "Application-Tuned" PROFILE Series available
PopTop flexibility
Excellent energy resolution
Excellent peak symmetry
Automatic high-voltage shutdown protects preamplifier input FET
Indicator warns of excessive counting rate
PLUS preamplifier option for ultra-high-rate applications
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SiLi X-ray Spectrometers (SXRD)
APPLICATION
Detection of X-ray radiation in energy range from 1 keV to 60 keV.
FEATURES
- Possibility of choosing a preamplifier type with resistive or opto-electronic feedback;
- High energy resolution;
- High count rate - 500 MeV/sec and ability to increase it up to 1000 MeV/sec;
- Thin Be windows, possibility to install ultra-thin polyimide windows;
- Detection of radiation in any spatial orientation depending on cryostat modification;
- Manufacture in portable cryostat, cryostats for XRF analyzers and electron microscopes is possible.
COMPLETE SET
- X-Ray detection unit based on Si(Li) semiconductor detector (SXRD) designed for X-Ray detection;
- Preamplifier with cooling input stage;
- Cryostat;
- Dewar vessel.
COOLING
SiLi X-ray Spectrometers are available with liquid nitrogen cooling or with Peltier cooling when liquid nitrogen is inconvenient or impossible to use.
For additional information, please contact us: sales@bruker-baltic.lv
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For x-ray spectroscopy with a nuclear accelerator, radioactive source, or x-ray tube
Premium performance spectroscopy from 1 keV to 30 keV
Superior resolution performance at low and high count rates
Multi-detector arrays available for use at fusion facilities
Thin Be window
High peak-to-background ratio
PopTop flexibility
Figure 25. Detection Efficiency vs. Be Window Thickness
on Low-Energy Curve and vs. Crystal Thickness on
High-Energy Curve
Figure 26. Array, Comprising Seven Tightly-Packed
6-mm-diam Si(Li) Detectors, Used at Synchrotron Light Source
Figure 27. Examples of Multiple Detector Arrays for Soft X-Ray
Spectroscopy. Note the three Be windows in each endcap.
Three Si(Li) detectors share a common cryostat in each of the
systems shown.
Figure 28. 6-mm Diameter SLP Detector Element
ORTEC SLP Series Lithium-Drifted Silicon X-Ray Detectors provide the spectroscopist with a highly sensitive, premium performance research tool for detecting x rays from a nuclear accelerator, radioactive source, or x-ray tube. The energy range of detection (Fig. 25) is from 30 keV down to 1 keV, depending on the thickness of the beryllium window.
The x-ray detector consists of a lithium-drifted silicon crystal and a cryogenically-cooled-FET, a high-gain, low-noise hybridized preamplifier in a PopTop capsule with a thin Be entrance window. The ORTEC Si(Li) detector crystal is manufactured under an exclusive process. Special techniques for lithium drifting result in a negligible detector element dead layer whose characteristics will not change even if the detector is stored at room temperature.
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Canberra Industries is the world's largest manufacturer of nuclear radiation detection and analysis systems. In order to better serve our customers worldwide, Canberra operates detector manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and in Europe. Canberra Semiconductor, N.V., which is located in Olen, Belgium, provides Ge detectors to the European market. In addition, C.S.N.V. manufactures a semiconductor detector for charged particles known as the PIPS (Passivated Implanted Planar Silicon) Detector. Detector Products Division, which shares the home plant in Meriden, Connecticut, provides Ge detectors to the world market outside Europe, and manufactures Si(Li) X-ray Spectrometers as well as a comprehensive line of shields and accessories for detectors and detector systems.
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Si(Li) detectors, which cover the energy range from a few hundred eV to 50 keV or so, are used in a wide variety of applications including x-ray fluorescence, x-ray microanalysis, PIXE, EXAFS, x-ray diffraction, and M%uFFFDssbauer.
The finest in semiconductor technology and cryogenics, combined with advanced signal processing electronics give CANBERRA Si(Li) detectors solid performance and reliability. Unlike early Si(Li) detectors and unlike those manufactured by some companies today, CANBERRA Si(Li) detectors are stable at room temperature so they can be shipped and stored without LN2.
CANBERRA Si(Li) detectors are available in two versions. The standard detector uses conventional geometry and a gold surface barrier entrance window. The Super Si(Li) uses a proprietary geometry and entrance window. This, along with a special shaping amplifier, improves resolution by at least 10 eV (FWHM) and increases the peak/background by about ten-fold to greater than 10,000:1.
CANBERRA offers a full complement of signal processing and data acquisition electronics. The detector includes a low-noise preamplifier of the pulsed-optical feedback type. This pre-amplifier employs a specially fabricated FET which is cooled along with the detector in a cryostat.
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paragon
TYPE 105F1-1 Integrated Flame Scanner and Temperature Analyzer. Paragon scanner provides high integrity sensing of multiple flame properties, including Amplitude, Flicker Frequency and Flame Learned vs. Stored Curve Fitting.
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WINDOW 141 FLAME SCANNING SYSTEM
The PIA WINDOW 141 flame scanning system uses proven flame scanning technology which combines a simultaneous UV and IR detection, with the latest flash memory microcontroller.
The system includes:
A single scanner head having a combination of UV tube (ultraviolet), a high speed IR cell (infrared), and a window which allows a direct visual sight to the scanned flame through the same hole used by the sensors. It can detect coal, oil, gas and other non standard fires.
A signal processing module handling independently both UV and IR signals received from the scanner head. It displays absolute frequency counts and the strength (relative to adjustment) of UV and IR signals. A flame strength output of 0-20mA or 4-20mA, UV and IR flame on relays, and a fault relay transmit their data to your burner management system.
A chassis (mounting rack) providing termination hardware for all the wiring and 1 to 8 slots to quickly plug and remove the scanner modules.
A plug in data terminal DT-1 to program and diagnose the signal processing module, so only the operator having the DT-1 can modify
the module adjustments.
An optional FS-2 flame source to simulate an adjustable flame signal containing UV and IR light for testing the system on the field.
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A combination of independant UV (ultraviolet) and IR (infrared) flame detection plus a direct visual sight to the scanned flame in a single scanner head.
The advantages of the WINDOW 141 head are:
Pure UV detection (220nm peak): not affected by visible and sunlight radiations like a Si UV enhanced system would.
IR detection (1 550nm peak) very stable: not affected by visible radiations and temperature variations like for the Ge, PbS or other IR cells.
For easy installation, a ball swivel mounting on the burner front allows adjustment of the viewing angle. Standard 1'' NPT connections are used for the ball swivel and scanner head.
The visible section of the radiation is only for visual observation through the WINDOW (patented).The following can be observed:
Sight alignment
Flame quality
Lens cleanness
Operation of the shutter
Inside UV and IR LEDs
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A combination of independant UV (ultraviolet) and IR (infrared) flame detection plus a direct visual sight to the scanned flame in a single scanner head.
The advantages of the WINDOW 141 head are:
Pure UV detection (220nm peak): not affected by visible and sunlight radiations like a Si UV enhanced system would.
IR detection (1 550nm peak) very stable: not affected by visible radiations and temperature variations like for the Ge, PbS or other IR cells.
For easy installation, a ball swivel mounting on the burner front allows adjustment of the viewing angle. Standard 1'' NPT connections are used for the ball swivel and scanner head.
The visible section of the radiation is only for visual observation through the WINDOW (patented).The following can be observed:
Sight alignment
Flame quality
Lens cleanness
Operation of the shutter
Inside UV and IR LEDs
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Flame detector for continuous operation IFW 50
Flame detector for flame signalling or for multi-flame control in conjunction with IFD 450/454, for continuous operation, ionisation control.
Mains voltage: switchable from 220/240 V AC to 110/120 V AC, for earthed or unearthed mains.
Flame detector IFW 15
Flame detector for flame signalling or for multi-flame control in conjunction with IFS 110/111IM, for intermittent operation, ionisation or UV control. For earthed or unearthed mains, mains voltage:110/120 V AC or 220/240 V AC.
Flame detectors PFF
Flame detector in 19" standard rack for multi-flame control in conjunction with PFS/PFD or for flame signalling.
PFF 704: for intermittent operation, ionisation or UV control,
PFF 754: for continuous operation, ionisation control,
with 4 independent flame amplifiers,
mains voltage: switchable from 220/240 V AC to 110/120 V AC, for earthed or unearthed mains.
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Compact Flame Monitor D-LX 100
Self-monitoring and fail-safe compact flame monitor for the monitoring of gas, oil and coal flames with integrated UV, VIS or IR flame sensor, primarily in single burner furnaces
Features
Suitable for continuous operation and 72-hour operation according to TRD 604
Compact design, flame sensor and control unit in one enclosure, takes up no space in control cabinet
LED display for settings and operational status
ATEX approved (D-LX 100 Ex)
Applications
Power stations
Chemische Industrie
Refineries
Cement plants
Waste incinerators
Steam generators
Heating plants.
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Infra-red Flame Monitor D-IR 55
Infra-red flame monitor for intermittent operation.
Analyses flame intensity (flickering) in conjunction with the D-LE 55 ISF-CG flame sensor
Features
monitoring of gas and oil burners of any load
suitable for intermittent operation
simple installation on TS 35 DIN-rail
Application
Chemical industry
Refineries
Cement plants
Waste incinerators
Steam generator
Heating plants
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UV Flame Monitor D-UV 55
UV flame monitor for intermittent operation.
Analyses the flame intensity in conjunction with the D-LE 55 UL-CG flame sensor
Features
monitoring of gas and oil burners of any load
suitable for intermittent operation and continuous operation (only D-IO 55-20)
simple installation on TS 35 DIN-rail
Applications
Chemical industry
Refineries
Cement plants
Waste incinerators
Steam generators
Heating plants
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The self-checking SAFYR PACKSCAN flame detectors are designed for monitoring solid or liquid fuel burners (oil, pulverised coal, heavy liquid residues). They are adapted for multi-burner installations by facilitating flame discrimination.
A binary safety signal is transmitted in the presence or absence of a flame. The output signal is also available on terminals for recording or remote display purposes.
Operation of the SAFYR PACKSCAN flame detector is based on the characteristic flickering phenomena of flames, generally between 0 to 150HZ. It uses a silicium photodiode cell, adapted to the combustion frequency in the visible light band (320 to 1100nm).
A display indicates all the configured parameters, as well as the detection level.
30 years of experience in the field of flame detection gives the SAFYR PACKSCAN the following advantages :
• An ‘all in one concept’ with an integrated amplifier in the scanner head for easy installation.
• Two microprocessors for increased safety and reliability.
• Approved by APAVE to meet all safety criteria requirements
• Detection level indicator to simplify commissioning
• Various standard confi guration methods by internal switches, by remote and by serial link, to simplify configuration
• Two SPDT output switches to indicate flame presence and proper detector operation
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The self-checking RUBY PACKSCAN flame detectors are mainly designed for monitoring gas burners.
They transmit a binary safety signal on the presence or absence of a flame.
The response time to a flame shutdown is less than 1 second, as per Standard EN298 relating to gas safety equipment.
The RUBY PACKSCAN detector uses a detection tube for ultraviolet wavelengths between 185 and 280nm.
An auto-checking mechanism for the tube covers the sight hole three times per second in order to ensure self checking operation.
A display enables visualisation of the configured parameters as well as the level of detection.
30 years in the field of flame detection gives the RUBY PACKSCAN the following advantages :
• an ‘all in one concept’ with an integrated amplifier in the scanner head for easy installation
• two microprocessors for increased safety and reliability
• Approved by APAVE meeting all safety criteria requirements.
• Detection level indicator to simplify commissioning
• Various standard confi guration methods by internal switches, by
remote and serial link to simplify configuration.
• DPDT output switch to indicate flame presence and proper detector operation.
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