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General descritpion :
The Scienta XES 350 is a state-of-the-art soft X-ray emission spectrometer. It is a grazing incidence spectrometer covering a wide energy range, 50 -1000 eV, at high resolution and sensitivity [J. Nordgren et al., Rev. Sci. Instr. 60, 1690 (1989)]. The Scienta XES 350 is easily adapted to different excitation sources, since the instrument is flange mounted and has an optical axis that is easily adjusted to the excitation source.
The Scienta XES 350 optical arrangement consists of a variable entrance slit, two moveable shutters for grating selection, three spherical gratings, and a 2-D detector that can be moved in a three-axis coordinate system. The Scienta XES 350 can be described as three spectrometers merged into one by having a common entrance slit and a detector that can be aligned to the focal curve (Rowland circle) of the selected grating. The instrument is equipped with a digital CCD-camera data read-out.
Specifications:
- Variable entrance slit: 0 - 90 micrometer
(controlled by a 1" linear manual feedthrough)
- Variable grating illumination width: 0 - 4.5 cm
(controlled by 2 linear 1" manual feedthroughs)
- Adjustable optical axis: ±2°
- Detector rotation: 15°
- Manual (or motor controlled, optionally) XY-tables (400 and 100 mm) with optical scales for positioning of the detector.
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The X-ray counting system detects X-rays in the energy range 5 to 100 keV. It is designed for use in X-ray diffraction instruments, including synchrotron applications.
The X-ray counting system uses a photomultiplier with YAP(Ce) scintillator and high speed electronics. A window discriminator circuit is used to detect pulses from X-rays within a selected energy band. Maximum count rate is 10 MHz. The width and lower threshold of the energy window and the HV of the photomultiplier can be set by the user with a control unit. Main application is scientific instrumentation
- X-ray energy range 5keV to 100keV
- covers wide range of instrumentation applications
- up to 10MHz count rate with dead time correction
- wide dynamic range
- TTL output
- interfaces with counter or PC card
- counts X-rays within user-settable energy window
- minimises background counts
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Hamamatsu offers a range of Si photodiodes suitable for the direct detection of soft X-rays, or when coupled to an appropriate scintillator crystal (Ceramic or CsI), for the detection of high energy X-rays as used in industrial inspection, security and medical systems.
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Features
Detector System Includes
Silicon detector
Be window
Preamplifier
HV bias supply
Peltier cooler
Temperature controller
Performance
Active area: 8 mm2
Thickness: 0.5 mm
Resolution <190 eV (FWHM)
Energy range: 1 to 30 keV
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CdZnTe/CdTe detectors
CdZnTe (CZT) is a room temperature semiconductor which allows to create X- and gamma-ray detectors with comparably high energy resolution and high count rate capability without cooling. Detectors performance allow to use CdZnTe detectors successfully in Nuclear Industry and Medicine, Safeguard and Homeland Security, many others industrial and laboratory applications.
Bruker Baltic develops and fabricates detectors based on CdZnTe/CdTe and accompanying electronics for them base on general electronic components and ASICs.
We are flexible in our technological processes and provide engineering design service and custom fabrication of small and medium volumes of devices.
Bruker Baltic develops and manufactures by request (custom fabrication) following detectors:
- Detector Linear Arrays
- Strip Detectors
- Pixel Detectors
- Co-planar Grid Detectors
- Single Detectors
For additional information, please contact us: CZT@bruker-baltic.lv
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APPLICATION
Borehole Gamma Spectrometer is used for:
- Determination of underground orientation of transuranium ores in their natural beddings (headings, mines, boreholes);
- High precision gamma-spectrometry of radionuclides at inspection of sea bed, water sealed mines, water filled boreholes, radionuclide migration in groundwater;
- Gamma-spectrometry at neutron-activation method of substance analysis.
COMPLETE SET
Borehole Gamma Spectrometer consists of:
- Spectrometric gamma-radiation detection unit based on high-purity germanium detector with built-in preamplifier of signals.
- Cooling system (optional):
* Cryoaccumulator,
* Stirling cryocooler;
* Liquid nitrogen,
- Spectrometric device MS Hybrid or DigiSpectrum;
- Data processing and analysis software SpectraLineGP;
- Protective housing;
- Personal computer;
- Cable and connectors set.
ADDITIONAL TO COMPLETE SET
Cryoaccumulator cooling system includes:
- Cryoaccumulator;
- Adsorption vacuum pump;
- Temperature sensor;
- Device for Detection Units cryoaccumulator support cooled by liquid nitrogen;
- Shank with cable up to 20 m length.
Stirling cryocooler includes:
- Stirling cycle linear cryocooler;
- Adsorption vacuum pump;
- Temperature sensor;
- Cryocooler power supply circuit board.
For additional information, please contact us: sales@bruker-baltic.lv
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HP(Ge) Planar Detectors GPD (Liquid Nitrogen cooled)
APPLICATION
Gamma and X–ray HPGe detector is intended for the conversion of Gamma and X-ray quantum energy to proportional level. This is accomplished using amplitude electric signals and their amplification for further registration with a nuclear physics apparatus. It is also intended for use as the gamma and X-ray detection component of radiological monitoring for environmental objects in nuclear energetics, industrial production, agriculture, medicine, etc.
FEATURES
- Possibility of choosing a preamplifier type with a resistive or opto-electronic feedback high energy rate up to 15000 MeV/sec;
- Ability to increase the energy rate to 20000 MeV/sec radiation detection in any spatial orientation depending on cryostat modification manufacturing in a portable cryostat;
- Possibility of transportation and storage without cooling.
COMPLETE SET
- HP(Ge) coaxial detector (p-type);
- Preamplifier with cooling input stage;
- Cryostat;
- Spectrometric Device;
- Analysis Software;
- Dewar vessel.
For additional information, please contact us: sales@bruker-baltic.lv
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HP(Ge) Coaxial Detectors GCD (Liquid Nitrogen cooled)
APPLICATION
Detection of Gamma-ray of environmental objects in nuclear energetics, products of industry and agriculture, medicine, etc.
FEATURES
- 10% - 160% efficiency HPGe p-type coaxial detectors are available;
- Energy range from 40 keV to 10 MeV;
- High efficiency of radiation detection;
- High energy rate up to 200000 MeV/sec;
- Excellent peak symmetry;
- Detection of radiation in any spatial orientation depending on cryostat modification;
- Manufacture in a portable cryostat is possible.
COMPLETE SET
- HP(Ge) coaxial detector (p-type);
- Preamplifier with cooling input stage;
- Cryostat;
- Spectrometric Device;
- Dewar vessel.
For additional information, please contact us: sales@bruker-baltic.lv
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SiLi X-ray Spectrometers (SXRD)
APPLICATION
Detection of X-ray radiation in energy range from 1 keV to 60 keV.
FEATURES
- Possibility of choosing a preamplifier type with resistive or opto-electronic feedback;
- High energy resolution;
- High count rate - 500 MeV/sec and ability to increase it up to 1000 MeV/sec;
- Thin Be windows, possibility to install ultra-thin polyimide windows;
- Detection of radiation in any spatial orientation depending on cryostat modification;
- Manufacture in portable cryostat, cryostats for XRF analyzers and electron microscopes is possible.
COMPLETE SET
- X-Ray detection unit based on Si(Li) semiconductor detector (SXRD) designed for X-Ray detection;
- Preamplifier with cooling input stage;
- Cryostat;
- Dewar vessel.
COOLING
SiLi X-ray Spectrometers are available with liquid nitrogen cooling or with Peltier cooling when liquid nitrogen is inconvenient or impossible to use.
For additional information, please contact us: sales@bruker-baltic.lv
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APPLICATION
The X-ray Si(Li) detector with electric cooling is designed for X-ray fluorescence analyzers, X-ray diffractometers and X-ray spectrometers, where detector cooling by liquid nitrogen is undesirable or impractical.
FEATURES
- No liquid nitrogen;
- High energy resolution;
- Thin Be windows;
- Allows for any spatial orientation of detection unit;
- Automatic restart after the power supply is switched off;
- Long-duration continuous functioning;
- Lightweight and compact design.
COMPLETE SET
- Si(Li) detector;
- Compressor unit;
- Connecting gas lines.
For additional information, please contact us: sales@bruker-baltic.lv
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APPLICATION
Detection, accumulation and processing of X-ray spectra when detector cooling by liquid nitrogen is inconvenient or impossible.
FEATURES
- Thermoelectric cooling of detector and input stage of preamplifier thin Be windows, possibility of installing ultra-thin polyimide windows;
- Encapsulated hermetically sealed case for the detection unit;
- Detection of radiation in any spatial orientation;
- Closed-loop system of water cooling using a Peltier cooler hot seal;
- Mobile spectrometer with power supply from car accumulator is available.
COMPLETE SET
- Detection unit with Si(Li) detector and Peltier cooler;
- Spectrometric device Multispectrum with power supplies;
- Self-contained unit for water cooling the Peltier cooler hot seal;
- PC with MCA emulation software.
For additional information, please contact us: sales@bruker-baltic.lv
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For computer-based analysis of complex spectra requiring the best in resolution, peak-to-Compton ratio, peak shape, and efficiency:
Large stocklist at all times
Efficiencies to 150%, higher on request
New "Application-Tuned" PROFILE Series available
PopTop flexibility
Excellent energy resolution
Excellent peak symmetry
Automatic high-voltage shutdown protects preamplifier input FET
Indicator warns of excessive counting rate
PLUS preamplifier option for ultra-high-rate applications
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For x-ray spectroscopy with a nuclear accelerator, radioactive source, or x-ray tube
Premium performance spectroscopy from 1 keV to 30 keV
Superior resolution performance at low and high count rates
Multi-detector arrays available for use at fusion facilities
Thin Be window
High peak-to-background ratio
PopTop flexibility
Figure 25. Detection Efficiency vs. Be Window Thickness
on Low-Energy Curve and vs. Crystal Thickness on
High-Energy Curve
Figure 26. Array, Comprising Seven Tightly-Packed
6-mm-diam Si(Li) Detectors, Used at Synchrotron Light Source
Figure 27. Examples of Multiple Detector Arrays for Soft X-Ray
Spectroscopy. Note the three Be windows in each endcap.
Three Si(Li) detectors share a common cryostat in each of the
systems shown.
Figure 28. 6-mm Diameter SLP Detector Element
ORTEC SLP Series Lithium-Drifted Silicon X-Ray Detectors provide the spectroscopist with a highly sensitive, premium performance research tool for detecting x rays from a nuclear accelerator, radioactive source, or x-ray tube. The energy range of detection (Fig. 25) is from 30 keV down to 1 keV, depending on the thickness of the beryllium window.
The x-ray detector consists of a lithium-drifted silicon crystal and a cryogenically-cooled-FET, a high-gain, low-noise hybridized preamplifier in a PopTop capsule with a thin Be entrance window. The ORTEC Si(Li) detector crystal is manufactured under an exclusive process. Special techniques for lithium drifting result in a negligible detector element dead layer whose characteristics will not change even if the detector is stored at room temperature.
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Canberra Industries is the world's largest manufacturer of nuclear radiation detection and analysis systems. In order to better serve our customers worldwide, Canberra operates detector manufacturing facilities in the U.S. and in Europe. Canberra Semiconductor, N.V., which is located in Olen, Belgium, provides Ge detectors to the European market. In addition, C.S.N.V. manufactures a semiconductor detector for charged particles known as the PIPS (Passivated Implanted Planar Silicon) Detector. Detector Products Division, which shares the home plant in Meriden, Connecticut, provides Ge detectors to the world market outside Europe, and manufactures Si(Li) X-ray Spectrometers as well as a comprehensive line of shields and accessories for detectors and detector systems.
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Si(Li) detectors, which cover the energy range from a few hundred eV to 50 keV or so, are used in a wide variety of applications including x-ray fluorescence, x-ray microanalysis, PIXE, EXAFS, x-ray diffraction, and M%uFFFDssbauer.
The finest in semiconductor technology and cryogenics, combined with advanced signal processing electronics give CANBERRA Si(Li) detectors solid performance and reliability. Unlike early Si(Li) detectors and unlike those manufactured by some companies today, CANBERRA Si(Li) detectors are stable at room temperature so they can be shipped and stored without LN2.
CANBERRA Si(Li) detectors are available in two versions. The standard detector uses conventional geometry and a gold surface barrier entrance window. The Super Si(Li) uses a proprietary geometry and entrance window. This, along with a special shaping amplifier, improves resolution by at least 10 eV (FWHM) and increases the peak/background by about ten-fold to greater than 10,000:1.
CANBERRA offers a full complement of signal processing and data acquisition electronics. The detector includes a low-noise preamplifier of the pulsed-optical feedback type. This pre-amplifier employs a specially fabricated FET which is cooled along with the detector in a cryostat.
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The 3010 is AC powered for permanent installation. It has no internal data storage, but provides 4-20 mA analog and RS-232 serial outputs, as well as relay switches and pulsed DC totalizer outputs for flexible interfacing and control.
The ultrasonic level sensor is mounted above the flow stream and transmits a sound pulse that is reflected from the liquid surface. The elapsed time between sending a pulse and receiving an echo determines the level in the channel. Because the sensor does not contact the liquid, the 3010 provides long-term dependability with no scheduled maintenance. It is ideal for measuring flows containing harsh chemicals, grease, suspended solids or silt.
A keypad and backlit LCD make programming fast and easy. Level-to-flow rate conversions for most weirs and flumes are built in, or you can enter an equation or use an optional Characterization PROM chip. When programming is complete, the 3010 displays data in selectable units of measure. A non-resettable totalizer gives you a permanent record of flow.
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Improves Efficiency- Now with extended Range
The GF868 flare gas flowmeter improves the efficiency of petrochemical plants, refineries and offshore platforms. It uses a proprietary algorithm to determine instantaneously the molecular weight and mass flow rate of the flare gas. The meter is used to conserve energy and reduce product loss by identifying sources of leaks into the flare systems. It also helps improve compliance with pollution-control regulations and reduces energy usage by accurately controlling the amount of steam fed to the flare tip.
- Velocity range: 0.1 to 394 ft/sec (0.03 to 120 m/s)
- Bi-directional velocity range: 0.1 to 328 ft/s (0.03 to 100 m/s)
- Velocity, mass and volumetric flow
- Instantaneous gas molecular weight
- Measurement independent of composition
- No moving parts; nothing to clog or wear out
- No regular maintenance required
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DigitalFlow™ ISX878 Liquid Flowmeter:
How much does it cost to run AC or DC power to instruments in hazardous locations? How much does an explosion proof instrument cost? How much does it cost you to shutdown your line to install a flow meter? How much does permanent pressure loss cost you in operation? The DigitalFlow ISX878 significantly reduces those costs. Being a loop powered device, you only need to run the signal wire to get flow rate and to power the meter. Being intrinsically safe, the manufacturing cost of the instrument is significantly reduced and savings are passed on to you. By clamping on to the pipe, the ISX878 allows your process to continue running during meter installation without causing any pressure drop. There are no parts to wear over time, so measurement drift and routine maintenance are eliminated. The ISX878 may be your best solution for measuring fluids in hazardous locations.
- Certified intrinsically safe
- No wetted parts
- Velocity range: -40 to 40 ft/s
- No moving parts; maintenance-free
- Bi-directional
- Correlation Transit-Time™ technology
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PanaFlow ISX for ultrasonic liquid flow measurement in hazardous areas.
The Panametrics PanaFlow ISX ultrasonic flowmeter is a complete loop-powered system that is intrinsically safe. It can be used for a variety of liquid applications, such as:
- Hydrocarbon liquids
- Water
- Solvents
- Weak acids
- Petroleum products
- Lubricating oils
- Fuel oil
- Chemicals
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CTF878 Clamp-On Flowmeter
The GE Panametrics DigitalFlow™ CTF878 brings clamp-on ultrasonic gas flow metering capability to atmospheric pressure applications at velocities up to 150 ft/s (46m/s). The new CTF878 uses the correlation tag ultrasonic flow measurement technique to measure accurately and reliably the flow of natural gas, compressed air, inert gas or any other gases.
Fixed-Installation
GE Panametrics’ GC868 flowmeter is a fixed-installation flowmeter comprised of the GC868 electronics, a pair of advanced clamp-on ultrasonic transducers, a clamping fixture, a preamplifier located near the transducers and coaxial cables to connect the transducers to the preamplifier and GC868 electronics. The DigitalFlow™ GC868 flowmeter can be used to measure the flow of any gas or steam.
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Low-Power, Loop-Powered Flow Transmitter
The AquaTrans™ UTX878 ultrasonic flowmeter brings the simplicity of loop-powered installation to clamp-on ultrasonic flow measurement in a low-cost package that remains full of features such as a large display and integral keypad. The UTX878 utilizes new transducer technology that allows the meter to operate with as low as 60mW of power, which makes the UTX878 the perfect fit for applications with minimal power requirements.
- Loop-powered
- Operates with as low as 60mW of power
- Velocity, volumetric flow
- 1/2" to 16" pipes
- External keypad for field programming
- Large Display
- Low-cost
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Portable Clamp-On Gas Flowmeter
The GE Panametrics’ TransPort PT878GC brings clamp-on ultrasonic gas flow metering capability to the portable level. Designed for natural gas pipeline, compressed air, inert gas or any compressed gas applications, the new PT878GC has the ability to measure gas flow rates, log data to internal memory and export flow data to a PC.
- Noninvasive clamp-on transducers
- Temperatures up to 230 degrees C
- Velocity, volumetric, totalized actual and standard flow
- 3/4 to 24 inch pipe size capability
- Built-in datalogger for 100,000 measurements
- Built-in ultrasonic pipe-thickness gage (optional)
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The TransPort PT878 flowmeter packs big features into a compact, light package. Its built-in datalogger can store more than 100,000 data points and up to 32 sets of site location parameters. You can add an optional built-in ultrasonic thickness gage. Temperature transducers are available for measuring energy flow rate. The rechargeable battery provides six to eight hours of continuous remote operation. The unit has a built-in infrared port to transfer datalog, site and other files to your PC. A rugged, sealed enclosure provides IP67 submersibility to protect the PT878 if it should accidentally fall into water.
- Noninvasive clamp-on or wetted transducers
- Flow range 0.1 to 40 ft/s (0.03 to 12.2 m/s)
- Velocity, volumetric, energy and totalized flow
- Built-in datalogger for 100,000 measurements
- Built-in ultrasonic pipe-thickness gage (optional)
- RTDs for energy flow measurement (optional)
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GS868 & XGS868 Flowmeter/Transmitter
Measures Mass Flow Rate of Steam
The DigitalFlow™ GS868 and XGS868i ultrasonic steam flowmeters solve the problems of pressure drop and rangeability found in other flowmeters by reducing operation, installation and maintenance costs. Our line of steam flow meters are full-featured meter that measure mass flow rate of saturated and superheated steam over a very wide range of pipe sizes and flow conditions.
GM868 & XGM868i Flowmeter/Transmitter
Improves Efficiency
The DigitalFlow™ GM868 general-purpose flowmeter measures gas flow in pipes or ducts ranging from ½ in (1.27 cm) tubing to flue stacks greater than 25 ft (7.6 m) in diameter with appropriate transducers. Innovative configurations for installation of its ultrasonic transducers meet pipe or duct size and other application-oriented requirements. This obstructionless meter has very wide rangeability, causes no pressure drop, and requires no regular maintenance. Analog and digital outputs in velocity and actual volumetric flow rate are standard.
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Sentinel Series
The Sentinel ultrasonic flow meters are specially designed for highest accuracy fiscal and allocation measurements of oil and gas. They offer reliable, and extremely accurate flow measurement of hydrocarbon liquids, liquified natural gas and natural gas.
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Water, Wastewater & Sewage Applications
GE Panametrics’ AquaTrans AT868 ultrasonic flowmeter combines state-of-the-art flow measurement capability with a rugged, low-cost transmitter package that can be installed right at the process measurement point. It is designed specifically for municipal applications such as water, wastewater and sewage. Setup and service are easily accomplished by using the AT868 transmitter’s internal keypad or by connecting the AT868 to a laptop PC and using GE Panametrics instrument interface software.
- Noninvasive clamp-on or wetted transducers
- Flow range 0.1 to 40 ft/s (0.03 to 12.2 m/s)
- Velocity, volumetric and totaled flow
- One analog output and one frequency/pulse totalizer output standard
- Internal keypad for field programming
- Low-cost package
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Oil Flow Meter - Ultrasonic Liquid Flow Sensor
The oil flow meter has been developed for ‘real time’ liquid measurement with specific attention given to the mechanical packaging to allow dyno and ‘on car’ correlation of data. The sensor installs directly into a suitable existing pipeline modified to accept flexible -16 tube connector couplings.
The system uses the established ultrasonic ‘time of flight’ measurement principle. The flow tube, transducers and mounting arrangement are compatible with an installation on an engine, capable of measuring liquid flow of up to 200 litres/min and temperatures of up to 150°C.
The remote processing electronics are rated for 105°C and can be placed up to one metre away from the flow tube. These electronics provide the user with flow data over a USB or analogue interface and can be powered from an automotive supply of 5 to 24 volts.
- 0-200 l/min Flow Rate
- No Moving Sensor Parts
- High Temperature Operation to 150°C
- No Pressure Drop
- Thermally Stable
- Compact (25mm x 160mm)
- Lightweight (140g)
- 16 Tube Connectors
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Fixed-Installation Flowmeter
GE Panametrics’ DF868 ultrasonic liquid flowmeter is a fixed-installation meter based on our award-winning TransPort PT868 portable ultrasonic liquid flowmeter. The DF868 is available with two built-in measuring modes. Using clamp-on flow transducers, the DF868 flowmeter measures flow rate through metal, plastic or even concrete-lined pipes without penetrating the pipe wall.
- Pipes from ½ to 200 in (1.27 cm to 5.1 m)
- Single-and dual-channel modes
- Built-in 43,000-point datalogger
- Two independent programmable graphic LCDs
- Automatic tracking window for best accuracy when fluid conditions change
- TransFlection® mode for difficult multiphase fluids
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The GE Panametrics PanaFlowTM Meter System wetted ultrasonic flowmeter product for liquids, gases or steam that uses standardized flowmeter body designs with options for one or two-path ultrasonic transducers, and local or remote flowmeter electronics. The PanaFlow Meter System is designed for applications such as natural gas, fuel gas, hydrocarbon liquids or gases, solvents, weak acids, water, and saturated or superheated steam.
- High performance, low cost
- Complete ‘Plug-and-Play’ system
- Optional integral explosionproof / flameproof electronics, pre-wired to transducers
- Bidirectional
- No pressure drop
- Suitable for a wide range of temperatures and pressures
- 2 to 24 inch pipe size capability
- Simple installation
- Liquids, gases, or steam
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