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Honing is employed to improve surface finish, size, and surface geometry. In most GMPTD applications, the tool makes a light cut with a fine grained abrasive (240-600 grain size) and conforms to the workpiece geometry. The most common application is on internal cylindrical surfaces, but it also may be used elsewhere such as on flat surfaces. The abrasive grains are bonded to form stones which are typically both rotated and reciprocated in contact with the work surface. In face honing both the part and tool rotate about parallel but not coaxial centerlines.
Each abrasive grain in contact with the workpiece removes a small chip and the grains are continuously broken down by the process to expose new, sharp grains. In this manner, honing stones are self-sharpening. Great care should be exercised in selecting rotary speed, stone pressure, bond hardness, and coolant to assure correct stone breakdown, avoiding glazing and produce the desired surface finish.
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