Alston Shunt reactors increase grid stability and permits permissible insulation on long transmission line networks, especially low loaded or buried transmission lines. Series reactors limit currents to maintain acceptable fault current levels. These reactors exhibit low noise and vibration levels, and optimized magnetic field distribution. These are available in single of three-phase, unshielded or shielded (magnetically of non-magnetically). Series reactors maintain required fault current levels. During line faults, earthing reactors limit both short-circuit currents and voltage increases. Smoothing reactors, dedicated to HVDC transmission, reduce DC systems harmonic currents flow and transient overcurrents, and are designed to withstand short circuit stresses.