On gasoline and diesel engines there is a large number of control and regulating functions involving adjustments to distances and angles. Included is the adjustment of flaps on high-performance (variable) intake manifolds, positioning of waste gates or of control valves (swirl and tumble) located in the intake system for best possible charge motion. Flaps are used in exhaust systems, for fine-tuning sound and for emission control. Nowadays, many of these control and regulating functions are still performed by vacuum driven actuators
although later vehicles and engines (direct injection, VVT, fuel cell, electrically powered vehicles) increasingly dispense vacuum as an auxiliary or secondary source of energy. At the
same time, however, there is a call to reduce system complexity since dependability inevitably suffers from component and interface proliferation. Universal electric actuators such as the Pierburg EAM electric actuation module are used wherever fast and precise adjustment of distances and angles is required. When switching over from vacuum positioners to motorized modules functionality gains both in terms of improved control precision and the even more important onboard diagnosis (OBD) requirements.