A beam expander is a lens assembly that can change the diameter and divergence angle of a laser beam. The laser beam emitted from a laser has a certain divergence angle. For laser processing, only by adjusting the beam expander to make the laser beam collimated (parallel) can a converging lens be used to obtain a small spot with high power density. In laser ranging, the collimation of the laser must be maximized by a beam expander to achieve the ideal long-distance measurement effect.
According to optical principles, the product of the optical diameter at both ends of the beam expander and the corresponding beam divergence angle remains constant. That is, when the beam diameter increases, the beam divergence angle decreases by a corresponding multiple, which is the main characteristic of laser beam expansion. In laser focusing applications, the smaller the divergence angle of the laser beam, the better the focusing effect. Therefore, beam expanders are mainly used in scenarios requiring beam expansion, reduction of optical divergence angle, and mitigation of diffraction effects.