Manholes and handholes are the two access ways inside glass-lined vessels. On small AE type reactors, as well as on small volume receivers, there is not enough space to install manholes. Consequently, to allow access to operators for glassing, they are produced in two parts with a base vessel and a glass-lined cover, fixed together by a clamped main flange.
Bigger vessels, such as BE and CE type reactors as well as storage tanks are manufactured in one piece: glassing operators are accessing inside via manhole.
Small DIN-AE reactors are fitted with a handhole of the biggest possible opening size on the cover.
Generally including a sight glass, it allows for hand access inside the reactor without having to dismantle the main cover. As soon as their diameter or their volume is big enough, glass-lined inner vessels are fitted with manholes, mostly with a glass-lined manhole protection ring, and a glass-lined manhole cover. This allows the vessel to be manufactured in one piece, without body flanges.
Many functions are associated with manholes:
Sight glass/sight glass + lamp;
Maintenance of the agitator system: assembling and disassembling agitator via the manhole;
Loading of bulk solids (opening at every batch);
On storage tanks or receivers, concentrating the nozzles on manway covers – easy to replace in case of damage