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Hexcel manufactures aramid fabrics for use in aerospace applications as well as marine, tooling and recreational products where high strength, low weight, and impact resistance are essential.
Aramid fibers are 43 percent lighter than fiber glass, with a density of 1.44 g/cc compared to 2.55 g/cc for fiber glass. They are twice as strong as E-glass, ten times as strong as aluminum and approach the strength of high strength carbon on a specific tensile strength basis.
Aramids display excellent dimensional stability with a slightly negative coefficient of thermal expansion (-2.4 X 10-6/ºC.) They are resistant to chemicals with the exception of a few strong acids and alkalis.
Aramids have excellent stability over a wide range of temperatures for prolonged periods. They show essentially no embrittlement or strength loss at temperatures as low as -320ºF (-196ºC). Aramids do not melt or support combustion but will start to carbonize at approximately 800ºF (427ºC).
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KERMEL company manufactures two types of meta aramid fibres:
- Kermel® is a highly technological meta aramid fibre, predominantly used in the manufacture of heat and flame resistant protective clothing.
- Kermel® Tech fibre is dedicated to industrial applications such as hot gas filtration.
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The para-aramidic fibres are of a polymeric nature with exceptional cut-resistance and break resistance properties.
The para-aramidic fibres provide an extremely high impact resistance (anti-ballistic properties), besides cuts and have an important capacity to absorb kinetic energy and vibrations. Over and above all of this an optimum resistance to fire and heat, to chemical agents, a good level of thermal non-conductivity and electrical insulation properties can be added.
Characteristics of the para-aramidic fibre
- High traction resistance
- Extremely light weight
- High impact resistance
- Extremely high absorption of kinetic energy caused by impacts
- Optimum resistance to cuts
- Good resistance to wear and tear
- Thermal and electrical insulation
- Resistance to fire
- Non generation of secondary fragments after impact
- Difficult to impregnate (important for the production of composites, but can be improved by a scouring treatment)
- High cost
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Due to the outstanding properties in respect to heat resistance, tensile strength and cut resistance, Twaron® is increasingly used for heat and cut protective clothing. Apart of 100% Twaron® spun yarn, also blends with other high performance fibers are used.
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Recently, several Twaron®-based geotextiles have been developed and proven their success. When applied in the construction business, these geotextiles provide extra rigidity to the structure, permitting construction work on a very thin foundation layer. In addition, Twaron®'s excellent properties guarantee minimum cracking of the asphalt layer throughout a road's service life.
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Twaron® aramid fibers are used in all kinds of composite parts. Its unique combination of properties makes it suitable for a wide range of high performance applications. Twaron® aramid fibers combine the following properties: a high performance/low weight ratio, a high damage tolerance and a good abrasion resistance.
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Twaron® and Technora® high-performance fibers are used in all kinds of composite parts. Their unique combination of properties makes them very suitable for a wide range of engineering plastics.
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Different types of Twaron® pulp are used in: friction materials, sealing materials, technical paper and braided packings.
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Twaron®, Technora® and Teijinconex® fibers are excellently suited for reinforcing mechanical rubber goods, such as hoses, transmission belts, and conveyor belts. Every application makes its specific demands on reinforcing materials.
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Optical Fiber Cables are designed to guarantee the integrity of data transmission through the optical fibers in the cable by protecting the Optical Fibers against mechanical stress during the life of the cable. In order to do so, a peripheral reinforcement of man-made fibers like Twaron® and Technora®, is necessary. In addition to protection, other demands on the cable can be made like non-conductivity, weight or diameter limitations, and specifications concerning flexibility and handling.
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Twaron® and Technora®'s unique combination of properties makes them an excellent material for the reinforcement of ropes and cables with advantages over both synthetic yarns and steel.
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As the result of its superior performance/weight ration, aramid has become the first choice reinforcing material for high performance tires. Whether in car or motorcycle tires, whether optimized towards speed, handling or comfort, Twaron® is increasingly used by the major tire producers to further improve performance while minimizing tire weight.
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Twaron® has excellent energy absorption properties and offers an effective and comfortable ballistic solution with an outstanding cost-performance ratio. At this moment, Twaron® in its many varieties has been implemented in numerous ballistic solutions and saving thousands of lives worldwide.
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Glass fibre is one of the most versatile fibres. It has excellent mechanical properties, excellent resistance to fire, very thermal shrinkage levels to guarantee good dimensional stability at high and low temperatures, excellent resistance to chemicals and furthermore is available in a wide range of yarn counts enabling the final user to choose the best combination between light weight, resistance properties and price.
Glass fibre is a good isolation material, and does not absorb humidity, plus its low dielectricity constant renders it particularly suitable for electrical applications.
Glass fibres offer a good balance between the cost of the product and the performance levels requested, a high resistance to compression and excellent compatibility with resins. They can also be used in combination with fibres of carbon or para-aramid (hybrid fabrics), giving an excellent balance between properties, weight and a subsequent reduction of costs.
Characteristics of glass fibre
- Low cost
- High resistance to compression
- Easy to wet out with resins
- Availability of different types of glass depending on the application
- Higher weight compared to other fibres when used in composites
- Low Modulus of elasticity
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OC® Fabrics include Woven Rovings, High Performance Fabrics, Knitted Fabrics and Specialty Products and Tape. Each fabric has unique processing, mechanical and resin compatibility characteristics tailored to specific end-use applications. Molders use fabrics to produce high strength, structurally solid composite applications such as shipping containers, ballistic armor, wind generator blades and doors.
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The versatility of glass as a fiber makes it a unique industrial textile material. Fiber glass in fabric form offers an excellent combination of properties from high strength to fire resistance. Wide ranges of yarn sizes and weave patterns provide huge number of design potential allowing the end user to choose the best combination for material performance, economics and product flexibility.
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Aramid & Hybrid products: Most aramid & hybrid products are made to order, although some biaxial +/-45 fabrics are made regularly, and these are shown on the list below. Please discuss your exact requirements with our technical sales team..
All fabrics available cut into tapes .
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Carbon products: We manufacturer all the grades of 'standard' multiaxial carbon fabrics, plus many unique products that are only possible with our fibre-spreading technology. We work with all the premium fibre producers, and most of our products are made from HS T700 or equivalent.
All fabrics available cut into tapes
These are only our standard products. We also manufacture a very large range of bespoke fabrics to exactly meet our customers' needs.
ST = Stabilised (lightweight yarn layer in 0 &90)
HD = High Drape
UB = Unbalanced
TE = Tapered Edge
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E-Glass products: Although we offer a 'standard product list', much of our production is for bespoke products specific to a customer. Please discuss your individual requirements with our technical sales team.
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Hexcel manufactures a complete line of HexForce® woven and non-crimp fabrics from carbon fiber. The range includes traditional fabrics (3K, 6K, 12K, 24K), flat-tow 12K and heatset-unit fabrics, plus non-crimp, multiaxial reinforcements. Hexcel's carbon fabrics meet the specification requriements of BMS 9-8 as well as other major aerospace manufacturers' specifications for carbon fabric. These fabrics use fibers that are produced under stringently controlled conditions, extensive testing and documentation.
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The carbon fibres are composed of a minimum of 95% of graphite structure. The carbon fibre is generally produced from a polymer called polyacrylonitrile (PAN), which is spun first, and then in successive controlled stages is carboninized at about 1800°C.
The result of this process is a very light fibre (density 1,78 g/cm3), very resistant (Tenacity 4800Mpa, modulus of elasticity 240 GPa) and flexible, therefore it is quite easy to process.
Characteristics of carbon fibre
- Elevated resistance to traction
- Elevated modulus of elasticity (traction and compression)
- Extremely light weight
- Low elongation at break
- Very high flexibility
- Easy to impregnate
- Highly fragile
- High cost
- Low resistance to impact
- Electrical conductivity
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MAPEWRAP C BI-AX : Balanced high strength bidirectional carbon fibre fabric. Mapewrap C BI-AX is a bidirectional carbon fibre fabric characterised by a high modulus of elasticity and very high tensile strength. Mapewrap C BI-AX is suitable for repairing concrete structures and to improve flexural and shear strength of reinforced concrete structures damaged by physical-mechanical action, for confinement of axial loaded or concrete elements subjected to compressive and bending stress and for seismic strengthening in earthquake areas.
MAPEWRAP C UNI-AX : High strength unidirectional continuous carbon fibre fabric. Mapewrap C UNI-AX is a uni-directional continuous carbon fibre fabric characterised by a high modulus of elasticity and very high tensile strength. Mapewrap C UNI-AX is suitable for repairing reinforced concrete structures damaged by physical-mechanical action, for confinement of axial loaded or concrete elements subjected to compressive and bending stress and for seismic strengthening in earthquake areas.
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We offer a broad portfolio of high-performance textile products made from carbon-, glass- and aramid fibers. As a leading manufacturer of carbon products we can draw on several decades of experience. The majority of our reinforcement materials are processed into components made from composite materials. Common processing methods include wet lamination, molding, RTM, and the production of prepreg materials.
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If you are working with electrically conductive composite formulations, you may benefit from Foster-Miller%u2019s extensive experience with processing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into polymer materials. Talk to us about your biggest challenges -- whether it be dispersing these high-surface-area fillers into polymer matrices, or achieving the highest levels of electrical performance. Foster-Miller has developed processing knowledge from the fabrication of high-performance materials for advanced military applications capable of meeting demanding specifications.
Foster-Miller can commercialize carbon nanotube composite technologies through multifaceted approaches including in-house product development, technology licensing, strategic partnering or joint venturing.
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Hybrid fabrics allow to optimize the different chemical - physical properties of the fibres to obtain synergy between them, together with a good compromise on costs.
It is therefore possible to combine in the same fabric the rigidity of carbon fibres with the impact resistance of para-aramidic fibres, or the better adhesion of the resins to glass fibres with the mechanical and anti-ballistic properties of para-aramidic fibres.
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SGL Group operates the most up-to-date facilities for the production of pre-impregnated materials. Our unidirectional SIGRAFIL® prepregs are based on carbon fibers, and our SIGRATEX® fabric prepregs are made from carbon fiber fabrics.
By acquiring epo gmbh and the prepregs brand PREDO®, we have expanded our product portfolio as well as our core competency in the field of pre-impregnated materials.
* SIGRATEX® fabric prepregs
* SIGRAFIL® unidirectional prepregs
* PREDO® prepregs (For further information on the product, please refer to related subjects)
The fiber type is the main factor determining the strength, Young's modulus and other important properties of fiber composite products. The reinforcement fibers are precisely aligned and economically combined with the resin matrix.
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Fibers, Fabrics for Composite Materials
