Control valves, also called modulating or proportional, are essential components in fluid control systems. In fact, they allow you to precisely regulate the amount of fluid that passes inside the valve, ensuring effective and safe operation. This is made possible by creating a control loop consisting of the valve with an equal percentage shutter, or parabolic, with the help of a PT100 probe in the case of temperature control, a flow meter in the case of flow control and a pressure switch in the case of pressure control.
These components communicate directly with the PLC, which sends a 4-20 mAmp signal to the positioner or transducer, thus creating the valve control. The latter occurs via an electro-pneumatic converter or thanks to an electro-pneumatic positioner: instruments that convert an analog electrical signal from 4 to 20 mAmper coming from the PLC that develops proportionally to the air pressure: as the analog signal increases, the air pressure will rise and, consequently, as one of the two parameters decreases, the other will decrease. The signal will then flow into the pneumatic servo control of the valve, where changes in air pressure will vary the position of the shutter, generating variations in the outgoing fluid detected by the sensors (PT100 probe, flow meter, pressure switch) useful for transmitting the output data to the PLC, the control loop that, depending on the set values, will act accordingly and maintain the desired parameters with maximum precision.