Fourdrinier paper machine

Overview
Before setting up a paper mill, modern production typically includes two core steps:

• Stock Preparation: Raw materials such as waste paper, virgin wood pulp, rice straw, or bagasse are filtered to remove impurities, deslagged, and refined into stock pulp graded into three uniformity levels.
• Forming and Drying: The prepared pulp is formed, dewatered, and dried into large finished jumbo rolls.

Selecting matching paper pulp equipment reduces waste residue while boosting paper sheet tensile strength. Standard paper production commonly uses about 15 tons of water per ton of paper; water-saving recycling equipment can reduce that to around 3 tons per ton.

How to Choose Among the 3 Main Types of Paper Making Machine
Except for specialty paper equipment, the industrial paper market relies on three primary categories:

• Kraft Liner, Test Liner & Fluting Paper Machine: Produces durable packaging sheets and corrugated board grades.
• Tissue Paper Making Machine: Makes jumbo rolls for toilet tissue, napkin paper, and facial tissue for conversion and retail sale.
• Writing & Printing Paper Machine: Delivers high-flatness paper for A4 copy paper and notebook printing.

Main categories summary (table)
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 3 Main Paper Machine Categories |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------+
| Machine Type | Output Paper Grades | Basis Weight (GSM) |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------+
| Kraft Paper Machine | Kraft, Liner, Fluting | 80 - 250 gsm |
| Tissue Paper Machine | Toilet Roll, Napkin | 11 - 35 gsm |
| Writing Paper Machine | A4 Copy, Printing | 70, 80, 90 gsm (de-inking) |
+--------------------------+-----------------------+------------------------------+

Practical tip
If you plan to make A4 copy paper from recycled stock, add a de-inking system; without it the finished paper will not meet office whiteness/quality standards.

How to Mix Raw Materials: Waste Paper, Wood Pulp, and Straw
Paper production permits flexible raw material ratios based on local availability:

• Waste Paper & Wood Pulp: High-grade waste paper can be used at 100%; lower-grade is commonly blended at about 50% waste paper + 50% wood pulp.
• Crop Waste Fiber: Rice straw, wheat stalk, and sugarcane bagasse can all produce quality pulp (short fiber characteristics noted).
• Material yield / conversion formulas:
  • 3 tons of straw = 1 ton of pulp
  • 2 tons of wood = 1 ton of pulp
  • 1.2 tons of waste paper = 1 ton of pulp
  • 1 ton of wood pulp = 0.95 to 1.28 tons of finished paper

Step-by-step production sequence (typical kraft line)
Raw materials (waste paper) ➔ Pulper ➔ Vibrating sieve ➔ Pulp tank ➔ Pulp pump ➔ Bleach machine ➔ Refiner ➔ Pulp tank ➔ Pulp pump ➔ Pressure sieve ➔ Pulp tank ➔ Pulp pump ➔ Sand removal machine ➔ Net box ➔ Forming section (cylinder/wire) ➔ Press/blanket ➔ Paper making machine (forming & pressing) ➔ Drying ➔ Jumbo roll finishing

Minimum capacities and machine selection guidance

• Minimum start-up capacities: Tissue machine: ~5 TPD minimum (small models around 5 TPD); Kraft/Corrugated paper: ~6 TPD minimum; Writing paper machine: ~10 TPD minimum.
• Mainstream model recommendations: Kraft paper machines commonly recommended 50–150 TPD (can reach up to ~300 TPD); Tissue lines commonly 5–10 TPD for small/medium setups (below 50 TPD for small lines).
• Wire/former selection: Under ~20 TPD choose cylinder wire or Fourdrinier wire; over ~20 TPD choose a crescent former for higher-speed production.

Additional operational notes

• Adding water-recycling loops significantly reduces water consumption and can lower operating costs in regions with strict water/environmental rules.
• Include sand removal and effective screening in recycled-stock lines to avoid abrasive damage to dryer cylinders and forming wires.

Caractéristiques / spécifications techniques

• Commercial name: Paper Making Machine
• Typical output paper grades: Kraft (liner, fluting), Tissue (toilet roll, napkin, facial), Writing & Printing (A4 copy, printing)
• Basis weight ranges: Tissue 11–35 gsm; Writing/Printing typically 70, 80, 90 gsm; Kraft 80–250 gsm
• Minimum start capacities: Tissue ≈ 5 TPD; Kraft ≈ 6 TPD; Writing ≈ 10 TPD
• Main recommended capacity ranges: Kraft 50–150 TPD (up to ~300 TPD possible); Tissue 5–10 TPD (small lines); Writing lines — aim for 10 TPD+
• Wire/former guidance:
  • <20 TPD – Fourdrinier or cylinder wire
  • >20 TPD – crescent former
• Typical machine net widths referenced on market: examples include 787 mm, 1092 mm, 1575 mm (affects price and output)
• Material conversion yields: 3 t straw → 1 t pulp; 2 t wood → 1 t pulp; 1.2 t waste paper → 1 t pulp; 1 t wood pulp → 0.95–1.28 t finished paper
• Typical raw water usage (standard): ~15 t water per 1 t paper; with water-recycling systems: down to ~3 t water per 1 t paper
• Essential auxiliary/process equipment listed in typical kraft sequence: pulper, vibrating sieve, pulp tanks, pulp pumps, bleach machine, refiner, pressure sieve, sand removal machine, net box, forming section, dryer cylinders, rewinders/finishers