Powder nozzle

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Boron nitride ceramic and zirconia ceramic nozzles are essential components in various powder metallurgy (PM) processes, chosen based on the type of metal materials involved. These advanced ceramic nozzles are engineered to deliver high performance in demanding industrial environments.

Main Features of Ceramic Nozzles

• High-temperature resistance: Withstands temperatures above 1500°C from molten metals or plasma flames.
• Wear resistance: Resists erosion from powder or gas flow, ensuring long-term operation.
• Chemical inertness: Does not react with active metals or gases, maintaining stability in harsh environments.

Applications at Different Stages of Powder Metallurgy
Stage | Process | Functions of Nozzles | Ceramic Nozzles | Typical Metals
Powder Preparation | Gas Atomization | High-pressure inert gas (such as nitrogen or argon) impinges on the molten metal stream to form fine powder; ceramic nozzles control flow and particle size. | Boron Nitride and Zirconia | High-purity or reactive metals such as titanium and nickel-based alloys.
Powder Preparation | Water Atomization | Ceramic nozzles provide corrosion resistance and precise flow control. | Zirconia | Used in high-pressure water atomization for preparing low-cost powders such as iron-based powders.
Powder Spraying or Deposition | Thermal Spraying | During coating or preform preparation (e.g., plasma spraying or HVOF), ceramic nozzles spray metal powders onto substrates to form dense coatings. | Boron Nitride and Zirconia | Applicable to all metal powders.
Powder Transportation and Treatment | Fluidized Bed or Pneumatic Transportation | Ceramic nozzles are used to control gas flow, evenly disperse or convey powders, and prevent agglomeration or clogging. | Boron Nitride and Zirconia | Tungsten, molybdenum, iron, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, titanium, tantalum, and other active metal powders.
Treatment After Sintering | Cooling or Atmosphere Control | Ceramic nozzles spray inert gases (e.g., hydrogen, nitrogen) or cooling media to control furnace atmospheres and accelerate part cooling to prevent oxidation. | Boron Nitride and Zirconia | High-performance metal powders such as high-speed steel, titanium alloys, and amorphous/metallic glass powders.
3D Printing (e.g., Binder Jetting) | – | Ceramic nozzles are used to accurately spray binders or metal slurries. | Boron Nitride and Zirconia | Powder metallurgy additive manufacturing applications.
Degreasing or Cleaning | – | Ceramic nozzles are used to remove temporary binders or residual powder from compacts. | Zirconia | Titanium and its alloys, nickel-based superalloys, aluminum alloys, cobalt-chromium alloys, refractory metals (tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum), precious metals (gold, silver, platinum), and high-entropy alloys.

Boron Nitride Ceramic Nozzle Properties
Properties | Units | BMA | BSC | BMZ | BSN
Main Composition | – | BN + Zr + Al | BN + SiC | BN + ZrO₂ | BN + Si₃N₄
Color | – | White Graphite | Greyish-Green | White Graphite | Dark Gray
Density | g/cm³ | 2.25–2.35 | 2.4–2.5 | 2.8–2.9 | 2.2–2.3
Three-Point Bending Strength | MPa | 65 | 80 | 90 | 150
Compressive Strength | MPa | 145 | 175 | 220 | 380
Thermal Conductivity | W/m·K | 35 | 45 | 30 | 40
Thermal Expansion Coefficient (20–1000°C) | 10⁻⁶/K | 2.0 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 2.8
Max Using Temperature (Atmosphere / Inactive Gas / High Vacuum) | °C | 900 / 1750 / 1750 | 900 / 1800 / 1800 | 900 / 1800 / 1800 | 900 / 1800 / 1800
Room Temperature Electric Resistivity | Ω·cm | >10¹³ | >10¹² | >10¹² | >10¹³
Typical Applications | – | Powder metallurgy, metal casting, high-temperature furnace components, crucibles, casting molds for precious and special alloys, high-temperature supports, and nozzles or transport tubes for molten metals.

Zirconia Ceramic Nozzle Indicators
Indicators | Item | Units | MSZ-H | MSZ-L | Custom
Main Composition | ZrO₂ | % | ≥95 | ≥95 | 60–95
Main Composition | Al₂O₃ | % | ≤0.2 | ≤0.2 | 0.2–20
Main Composition | SiO₂ | % | ≤0.4 | ≤0.4 | 0.2–1
Main Composition | MgO | % | ≤2.9 | ≤2.9 | MgO / Y₂O₃
Main Composition | Fe₂O₃ | % | ≤0.1 | ≤0.1 | 0.1–0.3
Main Composition | TiO₂ | % | ≤0.1 | ≤0.1 | 0.1–1.0
Physical Properties | Color | – | Yellow | Yellow | Yellow / White
Physical Properties | Density | g/cm³ | ≤5.2 | 5.4–5.6 | 4.6–5.6
Physical Properties | Porosity | % | ≤18.5 | ≤8 | 1–18.5
The stabilizers, grain composition, and porosity can be customized according to specific operating environments.

Characteristics / Technical Specifications

• High-temperature resistance above 1500°C
• Wear and corrosion resistance
• Chemical inertness
• Customizable composition and porosity for specific applications
• Suitable for powder metallurgy, metal casting, additive manufacturing, and high-temperature furnace components